6. DEFINISI OPERASIONAL & ORGANISASI KAJIAN (BAB 1) #JOMTULISTESIS
Bab 1 seterunya kita pergi 1.8 iaitu definisi operasional. Okey agak sukar ya kadang-kadang pelajar ni dia agak keliru, operasional bermakna tentang definisi yang tentang kajian kita jalankan bukan definisi konsep. Bukanlah definisi macam contoh ada pelajar pergi buat apa makna tekstual. Satu animasi, satu cerita, satu rakyat, satu Melayu, itu salah ya. Kita bukan nak definisi itu. Kalau definisi tiap-tiap satu inilah pelajar akan rujuk kamus dewan je. Dia rujuk semua jenis kamus. Tak mahu. Jangan. Jadi operasional iaitu tentang kajian kita. Jadi biasanya definisi operasional ini minima dua ataupun maksima paling maksima pun tiga. Tentang bagaimana kita nak jalankan kajian ni supaya bila pembaca, baca baru faham. Owh ini maksudnya. Jadi kalau kita tunjuk tajuk ini kitab oleh ambil satu wacana tekstual. Okey lagi satu skrip, animasi, cerita rakyat Melayu. Boleh kalau kita nak ambil bezakan skrip animasi. Jadi satu skrip animasi yang takde kaitan pulak skrip animasi apa. Jadi kitab boleh teruskan untuk tajuk ini mungkin ada dua. Tajuk yang lain mungkin ada tiga. Kalau kita ambil tajuk daripada kejuruteraan. Contohnya, mungkin operasional ada banyak. Sebab kita dia ada banyak dia punya pembolehubah dekat dalam tu. Kalau daripada apa nama yang kalau buat tesis science pun begitu. Ada banyak pembolehubah yang membolehkan kita membuat definisi operasional. Supaya pemeriksa faham apa kaitan tu dalam dengan dalam tesis tersebut. Kalau dari segi, kalau kita tengok tesis dan bentuk ekonomi pun begitu. Kita ada banyak dia punya pembolehubah. Jadi akan mungkin lebih daripada tiga. Jadi untuk yang ini kita fokus kepada dua. Ni saya bagi contoh ya. Jadi awak boleh berat dalam macam ni. Kemudia letak contohnya wacana dan tekstual. Tapi wacana tekstual ni awak nak kaji nak buat definisi operasional ni mesti berkaitan dengan kajian. Ya mesti berkaitan dengan kajian dan pastikan bahawa bukanlah yang bermakna yang kena ambil rujukan daripada perlu ada rujukan. Ini perlu ada rujukan. Ada satu cara, satu maknanya awak buat wacana tekstual. Orang kata apa berkaitan dengan kajian awak. Wacana tekstual yang berfokus kepada skrip animasi. Wacana ini yang berfokus kepada skrip animasi. Wacana ini wacana tekstual ini akan di analisis dengan menggunakan tiga elemen. Ni contoh lah ya. Contoh tiga elemen iaitu kandungan konteks dan andaian. Jadi wacana tekstual menurut buku Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019), wacana tekstual boleh jadi rujukan. Dia juga 1.8.2 iaitu skrip animasi cerita rakyat ni. Jadi ini kenalah berkaitan dengan kajian awak. Apa dia huraikan serba ringkas. Skrip animasi, cerita rakyat ini terdiri daripada 20 cerita sebab dalam awak punya tesis, awak punya analisis 20 cerita. Jadi ni cerita tersebut skrip berbentuk apa dia. Jadi huraian mungkin yang ini skrip animasi, cerita rakyat ni awak huraikan ialah kita nak berkaitan tentang kajian kita. Jadi takde rujukan awak nak letak takpe boleh diterima sebab definisi yang ini memang berkaitan dengan kajian awak. Jadi ada dua cara. Satu cara mempunyai rujukan. Ini ada rujukan jadi yang kedua tiada rujukan maknanya awak buat huraian. Huraian tentang wacana tekstual tu dari segi konteks awak punya tesis. Jadi takde rujukan. Dia boleh diterima tetapi macam saya katakan sebelum ini. Rujuk penyelia. Kalau rujuk pengenalan, penyelia ada macam saya katakana sebelum ini. Ini kita berbeza pendapat. Berbeza sekolah jadi difference school of tough. Jadi pemikiran kita berbeza. Jadi pemikiran penyelia kalau ada satu juta penyelia kita ada satu juta pemikiran yang berbeza. Jadi terpulang kepada penyelia. Jadi kalau saya tiba-tiba hari ini saya kata okey memang tak perlu sebab bagi saya definisi operasional ni tentang kajian bagaimana awak nak jalankan kajian. Nama pun operasional. Jalankan kajian bahan kita nak definisi konsep bukannya kita apa jadi kalau ada rujukan pastikan kalau nak buat rujukan tak boleh ya. Ini tak boleh rujuk kamus. Dah kenapa nak rujuk kamus. Tak payah. Kena rujuk daripada kajian-kajian. Banyaknya rujuk kamus yang kata menurut Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat, wacana tekstual iyalah bla bla bla. Tak boleh. Tak boleh itu pun kita pun tahu. Jangalah rujuk kamus. Dah kenapa kan. Jadi kita rujuk rujukan. Rujukan kajian-kajian daripada orang lain ya. Saya kata satu boleh rujuk kedua tiada rujukan boleh dan terpulang kepada penyelia masing-masing. Jadi kalau diterima itu iyalah akurlah. Ikut cakap dia. Jadi sekarang ini kalau kita lihat setelah ambil definisi operasional. Kita ada teruskan iaitu kat belakang ini ada ya subtopik 1.9 iaitu organisasi kajian. Okey organisasi kajian ini sebenarnya terpulang kepada individu. Kepada pelajar dan juga penyelia. Yang ini biasanya saya akan suruh untuk pelajar PHD. Pelajar PHD saya akan suruh letakkanlah organisasi kajian. Kadang-kadang pelajar Master pun boleh kalau tak letak pun takpe. Ini boleh pilih. Jika perlu organisasi kajian ini awak buat dalam bentuk perenggan. Jadi perenggan pertama apa ada dalam bab 1. Kemudian perenggan seterusnya perenggan 1 apa ada dalam bab 1. Perenggan 2 apa dalam bab 2 perenggan 3 ni kita nak organisasi. Kita nak buat secara ringkas supaya bila penyelia baca dia rasa owh bab 1 ada bend ani rupanya. Bab 2 ada bend ani rupanya. Bab 3 ada ni, jadi organisasi penyusunan. Penyusunan tesis kita secara teratur. Jadi perenggan dalam ringkas sahaja. Ringkas sahaja kerana macam saya nyatakan kat sebelum ini setiap baba da pengenalan. Pengenalan tu kita dah katakana dah apa ada dalam bab tesebut. Tetapi dalam organisasi kajian ini kita kena nyatakanlah secara ringkas apa ada dalam tiap-tiap perenggan. Jadi untuk pelajar PHD memang saya wajibkan supaya dia sendiri boleh faham apa ada dalam tiap-tiap bab. Kalau pelajar Master bolehlah kalau dia nak barat. Tak barat pun takpe. Pelajar bachelor pun takpe. Diploma pun takde masalah kalau ada yang nak buat. Pokoknya terpulang kepada penyelia. Dan akhir sekali 1.10 baru masuk kesimpulan. Semua dah saya macam saya katakana tadi semua dah mesti ada kesimpulan. Takde kesimpulan manalah boleh. Kita nak simpulkan apa ada dalam bab tersebut. Jadi ada yang saya dapati tesis takde kesimpulan tentang macam ni. Bila tergantung habis je terlupa yang ini. Jadikan, kita tengok dah masuk bab 2. Jadi takde kaitan langsung dengan bab 2. Tak boleh. Kita kena ada kesimpulan, kesimpulan ini kita simpulkan apa ada dalam bab 1 dan juga ingat ayat akhir. Ayat akhir kita kena letak kaitakan dengan bab seterusnya. Bab seterusnya iaitu bab 2 akan membincangkan sorotan kajian bla bla bla. Jadi bolehlah kita dapati bahawa ada kesinambungan antara bab 1 dan bab 2. Jadi serupa juga macam saya terangkan dalam bab 2 lain. Dalam bab kesimpulan mestilah ayat akhir mesti ad akita nyatakan apa ada dalam bab seterusnya. Jadi penting ada kesimpulan. Tapi tulah macam saya katakana tadi, different crost tough. Jadi bila berbeza takpelah kita redha dan kita terima. Okey dah bab 1. Ini kita dah bersemangat dah bab 1 kita ni maknanya kita dah habis bab 1. Lupa nak cakap berapa halaman bab 1 ya prof? Okey bab 1 ini kita biasanya halaman ya, halaman bab 1 ni kita sebab kita dah masuk dia punya orang kata apa latar belakanglah, persoalan, kita punya masalah kajian semua tu lebih kurang lapan hingga 10 sahaja. Inikan yang saya katakan ada pelajar letak sampai 30 halaman dia akan jadi macam seolah-olah buat sorotan kajian. Itu dah salah sebab masalah kajian kita ambil betul-betul penting masukkan dekat dalam tu. Sedangkan kita tahu bahawa dalam bab 2 memang banyak ada jurang dekat situ. Jadi itu pun semua adalah masalah tetapi kita ambil yang penting sahaja. Jadi bila dia letak masalah kajian itu ada 30 bermakna dah memang jadi sebanyak 15 halaman dijadikan 30. Dah salah dah. Sebabnya yang penting sekarang ini dia akan jadi samalah dengan bab 2. Dia jadi masalah kajian itu perenggan lebih. Bersemangat sangat dia tulis permasalahan kajian dia jadi 15 halaman. Ya itu memanglah sikit dah jadi macam sorotan kajian. Dah jadi salah. Jadi saya katakana tadi permasalahan kajian itu kita fokuskan ikut objektif. Objektif ada dua. Dua perenggan masalah kajian, objektif ada tiga, tiga perenggan ia dapat padat dekat dalam tu. Walaupun ringkas tetapi padat. Jadi dikaitkan dengan objektif tapi yang selebihnya sorotan ataupun jurang penyelidikan yang lain mempunyai masalah ada dalam bab 2. Jadi pelajar boleh rujuk disitu. Jadi ni kita buang kita letak lebih kurang macam ni. Paling lebih 12 muka surat. Tapi jangan kurang daripada lapan. Dah jadi macam kurang halaman. Jadi lebih sikit boleh. Kalau nak sampai 15 pun boleh. Boleh diterima. Sebab mungkin dia bersemangat nak tulis latar belakang., Tak ada masalah. Tetapi janganlah lebih. Lebih sampai 15. 15 tu orang kata dah tak bolehlah kita takut dia jadi seperti macam saya katakana tadi seperti sebulat bab 2. Jangan. Jadi bila bab 2 tu mulalah pemeriksa akab clash ini tak boleh. Ini tak boleh. Clash dia potong-potong. Saya kalau misalnya panjang sangat saya lipat halaman terus saya Tulis kat sini sepatutnya masuk bab 2. Sebab masa viva senang saya ingat yang saya lipat tu adalah setebal-tebalnya yang ada kertas pun ada masalah kajian. Sebab dia berleter je lebih dekat dalam tu entah pape menurut pendapat sayalah. Bukan saya maksudkannya pendapat dia. Dia kata ianya seperti bahawa pelajar ini memang tidak suka belajar. Masa tu baca kertas awak tu siapa yang awak kata awak dapati dia boleh tengok sekali. Itu dia kata pelajar tak suka mengira contohnya. Dia dapati sekali itu pun dia tengok anak buah dia masa raya. Masa raya yang dia jumpa dua minit. Lepastu dia kata anak buah dia pergi main dekat belakang. Itu dia dapati budak tak nak mengira 1 sampai 20. Dia tidak tahu bahawa hari raya siapa pulak nak mengira 1 sampai 20. Kena pulak buat ujian, ujian depan bapak saudara. Nak kena baca sifir pulak kat depan tu. Kalau di abaca sifir dapat duit raya banyak tidak apa la juga. Okey jadi kita ingat ya dalam bab 1.
6. DEFINITION OF OPERATIONAL & STUDY ORGANIZATION (CHAPTER 1) #JOMTULISTESIS
Chapter 1 next we go 1.8 which is the operational definition. Okay, it's a bit difficult, sometimes student is a bit confused, operational means about the definition of the study we are conducting is not a definition of a concept. It is not a definition of an example where students go for what textual meaning. The animation, the story, the people, the Malays, it is yes. We do not want that definition. If the definition of each of these is the student will refer to the board dictionary. He referred to all types of dictionaries. I don’t want like that. Don't. So operational that is about our study. So, usually this operational definition is a minimum of two or a maximum of at least three. About how we want to conduct this study so that when the reader understands. This is what it means. So, if we show the title of this book by taking a textual discourse. Okay again the script, animation, Malay folklore. Yes, if we want to differentiate between animated scripts. So, an animated script that has nothing to do with any animated script. So, the book can go on for this title there may be two. Other titles may have three. If we take a title from engineering. For example, there may be many operations. Because we have a lot, he has variables close in there. If from what name if you do a science thesis. There are many variables that allow us to make operational definitions. So that the examiner understands what the connection has to do with the thesis. In terms of, if we look at the thesis and the economic form as well. We have a lot he has variables. So, there will probably be more than three. For this one we focus on two. Let me give you an example. You can writes like this. Then place for example discourse and textual. But this textual discourse you want to study to make this operational definition must be related to the study. Yes, it must be related to the study and make sure that it does not mean that there should be a reference than there should be a reference. This needs to be a reference. There is one way, one means you make a textual discourse. People say what is relevant to your study. Textual discourse focused on animated scripts. This discourse focuses on animated scripts. This discourse this textual discourse will be analyzed using three elements. Here is an example. Examples of three elements are contextual content and assumptions. So textual discourse according to the book Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019), textual discourse can be a reference. He is also 1.8.2 which is the animated script of this folklore. So, this has to do with your research. What he described briefly. Animated script, this folk tale consists of 20 stories because in you have a thesis, you have an analysis of 20 stories. This is the story of what the script is like. So, the possible explanation that this is an animated script, this folk tale you describe is that we want to be relevant about our study. So, no reference you want to place cannot be accepted because this definition is indeed related to your study. So, there are two ways. One way is to having a reference. This has a reference so the second one has no reference meaning you make a description. The description of the textual discourse in terms of the context you have a thesis. So, no reference. He is acceptable but as I said before. Consult a supervisor. If you refer to the introduction, the supervisor is like I said before. This we disagree. Different schools become different schools of tough. So, our thinking is different. So, the thoughts of the supervisor if there are one million of our supervisor we have a million different thoughts. So, it is up to the supervisor. So, if I suddenly today say okey there is no need for me to give this operational definition of the study of how you want to conduct the study. The name is operational. Do a study of the material we want to define the concept instead of us what so if there is a reference make sure if you want to make a reference cannot. This does not refer to the dictionary. Why do you want to refer to the dictionary. No need. Must refer to studies. Many refer to dictionaries that say according to the Fourth Edition Board Dictionary, textual discourse is blah blah blah. Cannot. We can't even know that. Do not refer to the dictionary. Why? So, we refer to the reference. Reference studies from others yes. I said one can refer the second no referral can and it is up to the respective supervisor. So, if it is accepted, then agree. Follow him. So now if we look after taking the operational definition. We have to continue that behind this there is yes subtopic 1.9 which is the study organization. Okay the organization of this study is actually up to the individual. To students as well as supervisors. This one I usually recommend for PHD students. My PHD student will tell you to set up a study organization. Sometimes Master students can even if they don't put it. This is optional. If necessary the organization of this study you do in the form of paragraphs. So, what is the first paragraph in chapter 1. Then the next paragraph is paragraph 1 what is in chapter 1. Paragraph 2 what in chapter 2 paragraph 3 we want to organize. We want to make it brief so that when the supervisor reads its he feels chapter 1 there is a bend any apparently. Chapter 2 there is a bend apparently. Chapter 3 is here, so organization organization. Regular preparation of our thesis. So, paragraph in brief only. It's simple because like I said before, every baba is an introduction. That introduction we have already said what is in that chapter. But in the organization of this study we have to state briefly what is in each paragraph. So, for PHD students, I am obligated so that he himself can understand what is in each chapter. If he is a Master student, he can if he wants to go west. Not even west. Bachelor students are not allowed. Diplomas are not a problem if anyone wants to do it. The point is up to the supervisor. And finally, 1.10 just came to the conclusion. Everything I did like I said earlier, everything must have a conclusion. There is no conclusion where it can be. We want to conclude what is in the chapter. So, I found that the thesis did not draw conclusions about this kind. When it hangs, I forget this one. So, we see that it has entered chapter 2. So, it has nothing to do with chapter 2. It cannot. We have to have a conclusion, this conclusion we summarize what is in chapter 1 and also remember the last sentence. Our final sentence has to do with the next chapter. The next chapter which is chapter 2 will discuss the highlights of the study blah blah blah. So, we can find that there is a continuation between chapter 1 and chapter 2. So, it is similar as I explained in others chapter 2. In the conclusion chapter must be the final sentence must ad akita state what is in the next chapter. So, it is important to have a conclusion. But the plague like I said earlier, different crost tough. So, when it is different, we must not be satisfied and we accept. Okay, chapter 1. Now we are excited about chapter 1, this means we have finished chapter 1. I forgot to say how many pages of chapter 1, prof? Okay this chapter 1 we usually pages, this page chapter 1 we because we have entered he has people say what the background is, questions, we have a study problem all about eight to 10 only. Here I say there are students who put up to 30 pages he will be as if to make a study highlight. That is wrong because the problem of our study is really important to put close in there. While we know that in chapter 2 there are many gaps near there. So even that is all a problem but we take only the important ones. So, when he puts the problem of the study there are 30 means that it has become 15 pages into 30. It is wrong. The important reason now is that he will be the same as chapter 2. He is the problem of the study paragraph more. Very enthusiastic he wrote the problems of his study so 15 pages. Yes, of course it has become a bit of a study highlight. It went wrong. So, I said earlier that the problem of the study we focused on following the objectives. There are two objectives. Two paragraphs of the study problem, the objective is three, three paragraphs it can be dense close in there. Although simple but compact. So, it is related to the objective but the rest of the highlights or other research gaps have problems in chapter 2. So, students can refer there. So here we throw our place more or less like this. At most 12 pages. But not less than eight. It has become like less pages. So, a little more can. If you want to reach 15, you can. Acceptable. Because maybe he is eager to write the background., No problem. But do not overdo it. More until 15. 15 people say we cannot be afraid of him so like I said earlier as a whole chapter 2. Do not. So, when chapter 2 starts, the examiner will not be able to clash. This is not possible. Clash him in pieces. For example, if I am very long, I will fold the page and I will write it here. It should go into chapter 2. Because the viva time I was happy to remember that I folded it is as thick as paper and there is a study problem. I do not mean his opinion. He said it was like that this student did not like to study. At that time, read your paper, who did you say you found he could see once. That he said students do not like to count for example. He found that once he looked at his men during the feast. The time he spent was two minutes. Then he said his men went to play near the back. That he found the boy did not want to count 1 to 20. He did not know that on Eid who would want to count 1 to 20. He had to go for a test, the next test of your uncle. I want to read the cipher at the front. If you can read a lot of Raya money, it doesn't matter. Okay so we remember yes in chapter 1.
PAUTAN VIDEO :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bANk-CrrhI
RUJUKAN:
Normaliza Abd Rahim (2019). Jom Tulis Tesis. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang.
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