BBN3402SATU2020: MINGGU5 JADUAL EDITED

  

 

MINGGU 5 TERJEMAHAN JADUAL

 

NUR NADIAH NADHIRAH  (197003) NUR ASIAH ZAHIRAH  (197832)

 

 

Struktur Makro Makna global daripada suatu teks yang dapat diamati Daripada topik/tema suatu teks

Superstruktur Kerangka suatu teks seperti bahagian pendahuluan, isi, penutup dan kesimpulan

Struktur Mikro Makna lokal daripada suatu teks yang dapat diamati Daripada pilihan kata, kalimat dan gaya yang dipakai oleh suatu teks

 

Rajah 1: Teori Analisis Wacana Kritis oleh vanDijk (1977)

 

 

 

Macro Structure Global meaning of a replaceable text From a text topic/theme

Superstructure A frame of a text such as the advance section, content, cover and conclusion

Micro Structure The meaning of the locality of a replaceable text From the choice of words, format and styles worn by a text

 

Rajah 1: The Theory of Analysis of Critical Discourse by vanDijk (1977)

 

 

Macro Structure Global meaning of a replaceable text From a text topic/theme topic or theme of text

Superstructure A frame of a text such as the advance sectionintroduction, Content, cover closing and conclusion

Micro Structure The meaning of the locality of a replaceable textlocal meaning of an observable text From the choice of words, format and styles worn by a text

 

Rajah 1Figure 1: The Theory of Analysis of Critical Discourse by vanDijk (1977)

 

 

 

Macro Structure

Global meaning of a replaceable text

From a topic or theme of text

Superstructure

A frame of a text such as the introduction,

Content, closing and conclusion

Micro Structure

The local meaning of an observable text

From the choice of words, format and styles worn by a text

 

Figure 1: The Theory of Analysis of Critical Discourse by vanDijk (1977)

 

	Teori Analisis Wacana Kritis (Fairclough, 1995)
Analisis Tekstual	Analisis Wacana Praktis	Analisis Praktis Sosial
Tatabahasa	Intertektualiti	Ekonomi
· Tema Leksikal · Metafora	· Pra-andaian · Metawacana · Penafian	Pendidikan Politik
Kohesi ·  Pengulangan ·  Konjunsi	Interdiskusi · Naratif · Perbahasan · Ekspositori · Luahan (expressive)

 

Rajah 1: Teori Analisis Wacana Kritis oleh vanDijk (1977)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	Critical Discourse Analysis Theory (Fairclough, 1995)
Textual Analysis	Practical Discourse Analysis	Social Practical Analysis
Grammar	Intertectuality	Economics
· Theme Lexical · Metaphor	· Pre-assumptions · Metawacana · Disclaimer	Education Political
Coherent · Repetition · Conjunction	Interdiscusation · Narrative · Debate · Expository · Expressive

 

Rajah 2 : Critical Discourse Analytics Theory by Fairclough (1995)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	Critical Discourse Analysis Theory (Fairclough, 1995)
Textual Analysis	Practical Discourse Analysis	Social Practical Analysis
Grammar	Intertectuality	Economics
· Theme Lexical · Metaphor	· Pre-assumptions · Metawacana · Disclaimer	Education Political
Coherent · Repetition · Conjunction	Interdiscusation · Narrative · Debate · Expository · Expressive

 

Rajah 2:Figure 2: Teori Analisis Wacana Kritis oleh Fairclough (1995)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	Critical Discourse Analysis Theory (Fairclough, 1995)
Textual Analysis	Practical Discourse Analysis	Social Practical Analysis
Grammar	Intertectuality	Economics
· Theme Lexical · Metaphor	· Pre-assumptions · Metawacana · Disclaimer	Education Political
Coherent · Repetition · Conjunction	Interdiscusation · Narrative · Debate · Expository · Expressive

 

Figure 2: Critical Discourse Analytics Theory by Fairclough (1995)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	STRATEGI KESOPANAN
Bald on-record Contoh: Bersedia! Dengar sini.... Berikan saya bakul besar itu. Lampu itu berwarna hijau. Jemput masuk. Jemput makan.		Kesopanan Positif Contoh: Kamu nampak sugul. Boleh saya tolong? Boleh saya pinjam seratus ringgit? Saya ikut kamu ke hospital, jika kamu tidak keberatan.
Kesopanan Negatif Mungkin dia yang mengambil kotak itu, mungkin! Tolong berikan saya pinggan putih itu. Kalau begitu, sedikit arahan tidak diperlukan? Membuang botol kosong merata-rata tidak dibenarkan.		Off-record Wah, semakin sejuk dalam bilik ini. Mahal betul harga kasut di sini. Cantik baju kamu.

 

Rajah 3: Strategi Kesopanan oleh Brown & Levinson (1987)

 

 

 

 

 

 

	DECENCY STRATEGY
Bald on-record Example: Ready! Listen here.... Give me that big basket. The light is green. Invite in. Invite meals.		Positive Decency Example: You see sugul. Can I please? Can I borrow a hundred dollars? I follow you to the hospital, if you don't mind.
Negative Decency Maybe he's the one who took that box, maybe! Please give me that white plate. If so, a little instruction is not required? Removing empty bottles everywhere is not allowed.		Off-record Yeah, the cooler in this room. Expensively correct shoe prices here. Beautiful your shirt.

 

Figure 3: Decency Strategy by Brown & Levinson (1987)

 

 

 

 

 

 

	DECENCY STRATEGYPOLITENESS STRATEGY
Bald on-record Example: Ready! Listen here.... Give me that big basket. The light is green. Invite in. Invite meals.		Positive Decency Politeness Example: You see look sugul. sad. Can I please?May I help you Can I borrow a hundred dollars? I follow you to the hospitalwill follow you to the hospital, if you don't mind.
Negative DecencyPoliteness Maybe he's the one who took that box, maybe! Please give me that white plate. If so, a little instruction is not required? Removing Throwing empty bottles everywhere is not allowed.		Off-record Yeah, the cooler in this room. Expensively correct shoe prices here. Beautiful your shirt.

 

Figure 3:  DecencyPoliteness Strategy by Brown & Levinson (1987)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	POLITENESS STRATEGY
Bald on-record Example: Ready! Listen here.... Give me that big basket. The light is green. Invite in. Invite meals.		Positive Politeness Example: You look sad. May I help you Can I borrow a hundred dollars? I will follow you to the, if you don't mind.
Negative Politeness Maybe he's the one who took that box, maybe! Please give me that white plate. If so, a little instruction is not required? Throwing empty bottles everywhere is not allowed.		Off-record Yeah, the cooler in this room. Expensively correct shoe prices here. Beautiful your shirt.

 

Figure 3: Politeness Strategy by Brown & Levinson (1987)

 

 

 

 

 

Pendekatan Analisis Wacana (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018b)
PRA-ANDAIAN	EMOSI	NILAI DAN BUDAYA	BAHASA	INFERENS
1. Intuisi 2. Konteks · Penerimaan/ Penafian · Keperluan · Perujukan · Anafora · Pengulangan · Kekaburan · Penegasan	1. Positif 2. Negatif 3. Emosi Bercampur   · Perangai · Personaliti · Mood · Motivasi	1. Diri 2. Masyarakat 3. Adat · Jujur, ikhlas, baik hati, kasi sayang, kerajinan, kesyukuran, kesederhanaan · Berdikari, hemah tinggi, keberanian, kebersihan fizikal dan mental, kesantunan · Hormat menghormati, kerjasama, semangat bermasyarakat · Keadilan, kebebasan, rasional	1. Bahasa pertama/ kedua/ ketiga 2. Formal/ tidak formal 3. Kesalahan bahasa 4. Linguistik	1. Rumusan keseluruhan 2. Rumusan topik perbincangan 3. Penutup kata

 

Rajah 4: Pendekatan Analisis Wacana Normaliza Abd Rahim (2018b)

 

 

 

Discourse Analysis Approach (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018b)
PRE-ASSUMPTIONS	EMOTIONAL	CULTURAL VALUES	LANGUAGES	INFERENCE
1. Intuition 2. Context · Acceptance/ Disclaimer · Requirements · Persuasion · Anafora · Repetition · Ambiguity · Assertion	1. Positive 2. Negative 3. Emotions     Mixed   · Temperament · Personality · Mood · Motivation	1. Self 2. Society 3. Custom · Honest, sincere, kind, loving, craftsmanship, gratitude, simplicity · Independent, high-spirited, courageous, physical and mental hygiene, politeness · Respect, cooperation, community spirit · Justice, freedom, rationality	1. First / second / third language 2. Formal / informal 3. Language errors 4. Linguistics	1. Overall summary 2. Summary of discussion topics 3. Closing words

Figure 4: Discourse Analysis Approach Normaliza Abd Rahim (2018b)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Discourse Analysis Approach (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018b)
PRE-ASSUMPTIONS	EMOTIONAL	CULTURAL VALUES	LANGUAGES	INFERENCE
1. Intuition 2. Context · Acceptance/ Disclaimer · Requirements · Persuasion · Anafora · Repetition · Ambiguity · Assertion	1. Positive 2. Negative 3. Emotions     Mixed   · Temperament · Personality · Mood · Motivation	1. Self 2. Society 3. Custom · Honest, sincere, kind, loving, craftsmanshiphardworking, gratitude, simplicity · Independent, high-spirited, courageous, physical and mental hygiene, politeness · Respect, cooperation, community spirit · Justice, freedom, rationality	1. First / second / third language 2. Formal / informal 3. Language errors 4. Linguistics	1. Overall summary 2. Summary of discussion topics 3. Closing words

Figure 4: Discourse Analysis Approach Normaliza Abd Rahim (2018b)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Discourse Analysis Approach (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018b)
PRE-ASSUMPTIONS	EMOTIONAL	CULTURAL VALUES	LANGUAGES	INFERENCE
1. Intuition 2. Context · Acceptance/ Disclaimer · Requirements · Persuasion · Anafora · Repetition · Ambiguity · Assertion	1. Positive 2. Negative 3. Emotions     Mixed   · Temperament · Personality · Mood · Motivation	1. Self 2. Society 3. Custom · Honest, sincere, kind, loving, hardworking, gratitude, simplicity · Independent, high-spirited, courageous, physical and mental hygiene, politeness · Respect, cooperation, community spirit · Justice, freedom, rationality	1. First / second / third language 2. Formal / informal 3. Language errors 4. Linguistics	1. Overall summary 2. Summary of discussion topics 3. Closing words

Figure 4: Discourse Analysis Approach Normaliza Abd Rahim (2018b)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

	Teori Analisis Wacana (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018d)
Kandungan 1. Tema	Konteks 1. Tatabahasa 2. Latar 3. Emosi	Andaian 1. Pendapat 2. Perujukan 3. Persoalan

Rajah 5: Teori Analisis Wacana

 

 

	Discourse Analysis Theory (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018d)
Content 1. Theme	Context 1. Grammar 2. Background   3. Emotion	Assumptions 1. Opinions 2. Persuasion 3. Questions

Figure 5: Theory of Discourse Analysis

 

	Discourse Analysis Theory (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018d)
Content 1. Theme	Context 1. Grammar 2. Background   3. Emotions	Assumptions 1. Opinion 2. PersuasionReferences 3. QuestionsProblems

Figure 5: Theory of Discourse Analysis

 

 

	Discourse Analysis Theory (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018d)
Content 1. Theme	Context 1. Grammar 2. Background   3. Emotions	Assumptions 1. Opinion 2. References 3. Problems

Figure 5: Theory of Discourse Analysis

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Judul	Tatabahasa	Latar	Emosi
Keluarga	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Rumah ibu dan bapa	Gembira, rindu,
Diri	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Dalam dan luar rumah, sekolah	Gembira
Saya yang Istimewa	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Rumah ibu dan bapa
Saya Tahu	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Dalam dan luar rumah	Hiba, sedih, simpati
Saya Faham	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Rumah, sekolah ataupun di tempat awam	Gembira, simpati, ambil berat

Jadual 2: Konteks dalam Model Penceritaan Nilai Sosial Melalui Cerita Kanak-kanak

 

 

 

 

 

 

Title	Grammar	Background	Emotions
Family	Easy and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children	Mother and father's house	Happy, missed,
Self	Easy and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children	Inside and outside the house, school	Happy
I'm a Special One	Easy and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children	Mother and father's house
I know	Easy and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children	Inside and outside the house	Hiba, sad, sympathy
I understand	Easy and suitable use of words and verses for all including privileged children	Homes, schools or in public places	Happy, sympathy, caring

Jadual 2: Konteks dalam Model Penceritaan Nilai Sosial Melalui Cerita Kanak-kanak

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 2: Context in the Model of Storytelling Social Values Through Children's Stories

 

 

 

 

 

 

Title	Grammar	Background	Emotions
Family	Easy and suitable use of wordsThe use of easy words and sentences that are suitable for all including privileged special children.	Mother and father's house	Happy, missed,
Self	Easy and suitable use of words The use of easy words and verses sentences that are suitable  for all including privileged special children	Inside and outside the house, school	Happy
I'm a Special One	The use of easy words and verses sentences that are suitable  for all including privileged special children	Mother and father's house
I know	The use of easy words and verses sentences that are suitable  for all including privileged special children	Inside and outside the house	Hiba, sad, sympathy
I understand	The use of easy words and verses sentences that are suitable  for all including privileged special children	Homes, schools or in public places	Happy, sympathy, caring

 

 

 

Table 2: Context in the Model of Storytelling Social Values Through Children's Stories

 

 

 

 

Title	Grammar	Background	Emotions
Family	The use of easy words and sentences that are suitable for all including special children	Mother and father's house	Happy, missed,
Self	The use of easy words and sentences that are suitable for all including special children	Inside and outside the house, school	Happy
I'm Special	The use of easy words and sentences that are suitable for all including special children	Mother and father's house
I know	The use of easy words and sentences that are suitable for all including special children	Inside and outside the house	Gloomy, sad, sympathetic
I understand	The use of easy words and sentences that are suitable for all including special children	Homes, schools or in public places	Happy, sympathetic, caring

 

Jadual 3: Kandungan dalam Cerita Sosial

 

Judul	Teks	Tema	Sampel/Bahan	Jenis
Nenek dan Datuk	Cerita pendek	Kekeluargaan	Nenek, datuk, ibu, bapa, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Penceritaan
Saya yang Istimewa	Cerita pendek	Kekeluargaan	Nenek, datuk, ibu, bapa, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Penceritaan
Keluarga	Cerita pendek	Kekeluargaan	Ibu, bapa, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Penceritaan
Hati	Cerita pendek	Kemasyarakatan	Ibu, cikgu, Alim, rakan-rakan	Penceritaan
Jiran	Cerita pendek	Kekeluargaan	Ibu, Madinah, Imran,Aisyah, Sulaiman, Alim	Penceritaan

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 3: Content in Social Stories

Title	Text	Theme	Samples/Materials	Type
Grandmother and Grandfather	Short story	Family	Grandparents, grandparents, mother, father, Imran, Medina, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
I'm a Special One	Short story	Family	Grandparents, grandparents, mother, father, Imran, Medina, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
Family	Short story	Family	Mother, father, Imran, Medina, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
Hearts	Short story	Community	Mother, teacher, Alim, friends	Narration
Neighbour	Short story	Family	Mother, Medina, Imran, Aisyah, Sulaiman, Alim	Narration

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 3: Content in Social Stories

Title	Text	Theme	Samples/Materials	Type
Grandmother and Grandfather	Short story	Family	Grandparents, grandparentsGrandmother, grandfather, mother, father, Imran, Medina, Aisyah, Alim	NarrationStory-telling
I'm a Special One  )I am Special	Short story	Family	Grandparents, grandparents, mother, father, Imran, MedinaMadinah, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
Family	Short story	Family	Mother, father, Imran, Medina, Aisyah, Alim	Narration
Hearts	Short story	Community	Mother, teacher, Alim, friends	Narration
Neighbour	Short story	Family	Mother, Medina, Imran, Aisyah, Sulaiman, Alim	Narration

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 3: Content in Social Stories

Title	Text	Theme	Samples/Materials	Type
Grandmother and Grandfather	Short story	Family	Grandmother, grandfather, mother, father, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Storytelling
I am Special	Short story	Family	Grandparents, grandparents, mother, father, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Storytelling
Family	Short story	Family	Mother, father, Imran, Madinah, Aisyah, Alim	Storytelling
Hearts	Short story	Community	Mother, teacher, Alim, friends	Storytelling
Neighbour	Short story	Family	Mother, Madinah, Imran, Aisyah, Sulaiman, Alim	Storytelling

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jadual 4: Konteks dalam Cerita Sosial

Judul	Tatabahasa	Latar	Emosi
Nenek dan Datuk	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Kampung nenek dan datuk	Gembira, rindu, sedih, marah, keliru, puas hati
Saya yang Istimewa	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Rumah ibu dan bapa	Gembira, puas hati, sedih
Keluarga	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Rumah ibu dan bapa	Gembira, resah
Hati	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Sekolah, rumah, jiran	Gembira
Jiran	Penggunaan kata dan ayat yang mudah dan sesuai untuk semua termasuk kanak-kanak istimewa	Rumah ibu bapa dan jiran	Gembira, simpati, ambil berat, sedih

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jadual 4: Konteks dalam Cerita Sosial

Title	Grammar	Background	Emotions
Grandma and Grandpa	Easy and suitable use of words and sentences for all including special children	Grandparent village and grandparents	Happy, missed, sad, angry, confused, satisfied
I am Special	Easy and suitable use of words and sentences for all including special children	Mother and father's house	Happy, satisfied, sad
Family	Easy and suitable use of words and sentences for all including special children	Mother and father's house	Happy, restrecked
Heart	Easy and suitable use of words and sentences for all including special children	Schools, homes, neighbors	Happy
Neighbour	Easy and suitable use of words and sentences for all including special children	Parents and neighbouring homes	Happy, sympathy, caring, sad

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 4: Context in Social StoriesJadual 4: Konteks dalam Cerita Sosial

Title	Tatabahasa Grammar	Background	Emotions
Grandma and Grandpa	Easy and suitable use of words and verses (The use of easy words and sentences that are suitable for all including privileged(special children	Grandmother and grandfather villageGrandparent village and grandparents	Happy,missed( longing), sad, angry, confused, satisfied
I am Special	Easy and suitable use of words and versesThe use of easy words and sentences that are suitable  for all including privileged  special  children	Mother and father'sParents’ house	Happy, satisfied, sad
Family	Easy and suitable use of words and versesThe use of easy words and sentences that are suitable for all including privilegedspecial  children	Mother and father'sParents’ house	Happy, restless
Heart	Easy and suitable use of words and versesThe use of easy words and sentences that are suitable for all including privilegedspecial children	School, home, neighbors	Happy
Neighbour	Easy and suitable use of words and versesThe use of easy words and sentences that are suitable for all including privilegedspecial children	Home of parents and neighbors	Happy, sympathysympathetic, caring, sad

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 4: Context in Social Stories

Title	Grammar	Background	Emotions
Grandma and Grandpa	The use of easy words and sentences that are suitable for all including special children	Grandmother and grandfather village	Happy, longing, sad, angry, confused, satisfied
I am Special	The use of easy words and sentences that are suitable for all including special children	Parents’ house	Happy, satisfied, sad
Family	The use of easy words and sentences that are suitable for all including special children	Parents’ house	Happy, restless
Heart	The use of easy words and sentences that are suitable for all including special children	School, home, neighbors	Happy
Neighbour	Easy and suitable use of words and verses (the use of easy words and sentences that are suitable) for all including privileged special children	Home of parents and neighbors	Happy, sympathetic, caring, sad

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jadual 5: Senarai Nilai Sosial dalam Cerita Sosial

 

Judul Cerita Sosial	Nilai Sosial
Nenek dan Datuk	Nilai Sosial Kasih sayang, ambil berat, rasional, tanggungjawab, ikhlas, jujur, baik hati, kekeluargaan, sabar
Saya yang Istimewa	Baik hati, ikhlas, tolong menolong, ambil berat, tanggungjawab
Keluarga Saya	Baik hati, sabar, tolong menolong, ikhlas, ambil berat, rajin, usaha, tanggungjawab, rasional
Hati	Baik hati, kasih sayang,ambil berat , ikhlas , jujur , berkongsi, berterima kasih, hormat menghormati, rajin
Jiran	Baik hati, tanggungjawab, kasih sayang, rasional, ambil berat, ikhlas, jujur, yakin, kejiranan

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jadual 5: Senarai Nilai Sosial dalam Cerita Sosial

 

Social Story Title	Social Values
Grandmother and Grandfather	Love, care, rationality, responsibility, sincerely, honestly, kindness, family, patience
I'm a Special One	Kindness, sincere, help, take care, responsibility
My Family	Kindness, patient, help, sincere, caring, hardworking, effort, responsibility, rationality
Hearts	Kindness, love, caring, sincere, honest, shared, grateful, respectful, hardworking
Neighbors	Kindness, responsibility, love, rationality, care, sincere, honest, confident, neighborhood

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 5: List of Social Values in Social Stories

Jadual 5: Senarai Nilai Sosial dalam Cerita Sosial

 

Social Story Title	Social Values
Grandmother and Grandfather	Love, care, rationality, responsibility, sincerelysincere , honestlyhonesty , kindness, family, patience
I'm a Special OneI am Special	KindnessKind ,sincere, help, take care, responsibility
My Family	Kindness, patient, help, sincere, caring, hardworking, effort, responsibility, rationality
Hearts	Kindness, love, caring, sincere, honest, shared, grateful, respectful, hardworking
Neighbors	Kindness, responsibility, loveloving, rationality, care, sincere, honest, confident, neighborhood

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 5: List of Social Values in Social Stories

Social Story Title	Social Values
Grandmother and Grandfather	Love, care, rationality, responsibility, sincere, honesty, kindness, family, patience
I'm a Special One	Kind, sincere, help, take care, responsibility
My Family	Kind, patient, help, sincere, caring, hardworking, effort, responsibility, rationality
Hearts	Kind, love, caring, sincere, honest, shared, grateful, respectful, hardworking
Neighbors	Kind, responsibility, loving, rationality, care, sincere, honest, confident, neighborhood

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Taksonomi Strategi Komunikasi oleh Dornyei & Scott (1997)

Strategi Pengelakan atau Pengurangan

1. Pengabaian/Peninggalan mesej

2. Pengelakan topik

Achievement or Compensatory Strategies Pencapaian atau Strategi Pampasan

3. Parafrasa (Circumlocution) 4. Penghampiran 5. Penggunaan perkataan semua tujuan 6. Cipta perkataan baharu (Word-coinage) 7. Penstrukturan semula/Penggunaan kaedah bukan bahasa (Use of non linguistic means) 8. Terjemahan literal 9. Pengantarabangsaan 10. Pertukaran kod 11.Meminta pertolongan, penjelasan, pengesahan atau membuat tekaan/ Appeal for help Stalling

Stalling or Time-gaining Strategies Penangguhan atau Strategi Tambahan Waktu

12. Penggunaan perkataan yang tiada makna/Use of fillers/strategi penanda (hesitation devices) Strategi

 

Rajah 7: Taksonomi Strategi Komunikasi oleh Dornyei & Scott (1997)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Communication Strategi Taxonomy by Dornyei Scott (1997)

Evokation or Reduction Strategy

1. Omission/Omission of message 2. Evocate topics

Achievement or Compensatory Strategies

3.Paraphrase (Circumlocution) 4.Apprehension 5.Use of all-purpose words 6.Create a new word (Word-coinage) 7.Restructuring/Use of non-linguistic means 8.Literal translation 9.Internationalization 10.Change of code 11.Request help, explanation, confirmation or make guesses/ Appeal for help Stalling

Stalling or Time-gaining Strategies Postponement or Time Supplementary Strategy

12. Use of words without meaning/Use of fillers/marker strategy (hesitation devices) Strategy

 

Rajah 7: Taksonomi Strategi Komunikasi oleh Dornyei & Scott (1997)    

 

 

    

Communication Strategi Taxonomy by Dornyei Scott (1997)

EvokationAvoidance(Avoidance) or Reduction Strategy

1. Omission/Omission of messageIgnoring/ Leaving messages Ignoring / Leaving messages 2. Evocate topicsTopic avoidance

Achievement or Compensatory Strategies

3.Paraphrase Circumlocution   4.Apprehension 5.Use of all-purpose words 6.Create a new word (Word-coinage) 7.Restructuring/Use of non-linguistic means 8.Literal translation 9.Internationalization 10.Change of code 11.Request help, explanation, confirmation or make guesses/ Appeal for help Stalling

Stalling or Time-gaining Strategies Postponement or Time Supplementary Strategy Extra Time Strategy

12. Use of words without meaning/Use of fillers/marker strategy (hesitation devices) Strategy

 

Figure 7: Communication Strategies Taxonomy by Dornyei  Scott (1997)    

Rajah 7: Taksonomi Strategi Komunikasi oleh Dornyei & Scott (1997)

 

 

 

 

 

Communication Strategi Taxonomy by Dornyei Scott (1997)

Avoidance or Reduction Strategy

1. Ignoring / Leaving messages 2. Topic avoidance

Achievement or Compensatory Strategies

3.Paraphrase (Circumlocution) 4.Apprehension 5.Use of all-purpose words 6.Create a new word (Word-coinage) 7.Restructuring/Use of non-linguistic means 8.Literal translation 9.Internationalization 10.Change of code 11.Request help, explanation, confirmation or make guesses/ Appeal for help Stalling

Stalling or Time-gaining Strategies Postponement or Extra Time Strategy

12. Use of words without meaning/Use of fillers/marker strategy (hesitation devices) Strategy

 

Figure 7: Communication Strategies Taxonomy by Dornyei  Scott (1997)    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Strategi Komuniskasi	Frekuensi
1. Singkatan 2. Perkataan baharu tiada makna 3. Penafian/ percanggahan 4. Persoalan 5. Pengulangan 6. Perujukan 7. Pembetulan kendiri 8. Topik berlainan/pengabaian mesej 9. Celahan 10. Penangguhan 11. Terjemahan literal 12. Pertukaran bahasa 13. Imaginasi 14. Kesopanan 15. Parafrasa 16. Meminta pertolongan	15 4 10 6 8 13 5 4 8 6 4 4 5 4 4 4

Jadual 6 : Strategi Komunikasi

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 6 : Communication Strategy

Communication Strategy	Frequency
1. Abbreviation 2. New words no meaning 3. Disclaimer/ Dis in conflict 4. Questions 5. Repetition 6. Persuasion 7. Self-correction 8. Different topics/message ignorance 9. Interstate 10. Postponement 11. Literal translation 12. Change of language 13. Imagination 14. Decency 15. Paraphrasing 16. Request help	15 4 10 6 8 13 5 4 8 6 4 4 5 4 4 4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 6 : Communication Strategy

Communication Strategy

Frequency

1. Abbreviation 2. New words no meaningwords with no meaning 3. Disclaimer/  discrepancyDis in conflict 4. Questions 5. Repetition 6. PersuasionReferences 7. Self-correction 8. Different topics/message ignorance 9. InterstateInterval 10. Postponement 11. Literal translation 12. Change of languageLanguage exchange 13. Imagination 14. DecencyPoliteness 15. Paraphrasing 16. Request helpAsking for help

15 4 10 6 8 13 5 4 8 6 4 4 5 4 4 4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 6 : Communication Strategy

Communication Strategy	Frequency
1. Abbreviation 2. New words with no meaning 3. Disclaimer/ discrepancy 4. Questions 5. Repetition 6. References 7. Self-correction 8. Different topics/message ignorance 9. Interval 10. Postponement 11. Literal translation 12. Language exchange 13. Imagination 14. Politeness 15. Paraphrasing 16. Asking for help	15 4 10 6 8 13 5 4 8 6 4 4 5 4 4 4

 

 KEHADIRAN:

RUJUKAN :

Rujukan: Normaliza Abd Rahim. (2019). Kajian Wacana dan Strategi Komunikasi Teori dan Aplikasi. Terengganu: Penerbit UMT.